Kul devta nepal Mount Everest is 29,029 feet above sea level, making it 5.

Kul devta nepal. While it is a symbol of adventure and challenge for many moun Planning a trip to Nepal from Bangladesh? Exciting adventures await you in the majestic landscapes of the Himalayas. With the rise of online news portals, accessing news from around the world is In recent years, the concept of online jobs has gained significant popularity, especially in countries like Nepal. Music arranged by Shri Rahul Bakshi Shri Dyanesh kedar Video by: Nexati studio #ShriKuldevtaMantra #AdimayaKuldevta # ॐ नम: शिवाय : मष्टो एक कुलदेवता प्रा. However, modern times have brought challenges in tracing and maintaining the connection to ancestral traditions, including the Kul Devata. From the book “A HISTORY OF KHATRIS IN INDIA” or “Kshatriya We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. The primary sources of information about the gods individual life and histories is the PARELI recited by the DHAMI/ORACLES during the God’s possession. Jul 21, 2025 · This article explores the endangered traditions of Masta and Kul Devta worship in western Nepal, their roots, roles, and rituals, and the reasons for their rapid decline. First introduced at the time of the Licchavis (A. txt) or read online for free. उनके हटाए जाने के पीछे कई आरोप सामने आए जैसे- समय पर प्रदर्शन The concept of the Kuldevi (family deity) holds immense importance in Hinduism, especially in maintaining spiritual and cultural continuity within families. डा. Many students are in need of part-time jobs that can provide them with both Onlinekhabar Nepal is a leading online news portal in Nepal that provides its readers with up-to-date and reliable news, features, and analysis. The ‘Kula Devta’ of the whole country Nepal is ‘Pashupati Nath’ who is lord Shiva himself. I have only been to 1 so far and don't know much about it. Gone are the days when people relied solely on traditional media outlets for informat Are you a student in Nepal looking for part-time job opportunities in the healthcare industry? Working at a hospital can provide valuable experience, exposure to the medical field, Nepal is a country renowned for its breathtaking landscapes, rich cultural heritage, and adventure opportunities. White tiger habitats range from tropical fores Hamrobazar is a popular online marketplace in Nepal that connects buyers and sellers across various categories. What is a kul puja that's coming and where is it happening. Not only does it provide them with valuable practical skills, but i If you’re dreaming of standing in the shadow of the world’s tallest peak, trekking to the base camp of Mount Everest in Nepal is an exhilarating adventure awaiting you. historyofkhatris. Includes 4600+surnames their history, Kul devta, kul devi, Gotra, Parampara, Reeti Rivaj ,Traditional systems, Rituals, etc Click on this given link to buy now👇 #visit: www. com . 44K subscribers Subscribe भारत में कई समाज या जाति के कुलदेवी और देवता होते हैं। इसके अलावा पितृदेव भी होते हैं। भारतीय लोग हजारों वर्षों से अपने कुलदेवी और देवता की पूजा करते आ Dec 8, 2022 · 26 Likes, TikTok video from Raghavendra Bir Mahat Chetriya (@raghavendrabirmah): “MAHAT FAMILY KUL DEVTA PUJA #random #spiritual #devotion #blessed #nepal #respect”. The best ti Nepal, a landlocked country nestled in the lap of the Himalayas, is a treasure trove of natural beauty and cultural wonders. Jan 24, 2024 · Kul Devatas, or Tutelary Deities of Bajracharya families, symbolize the mind's enlightenment and mystical essence in Vajrayana Buddhism. [1] It is commonly found among Jharra Chhetri Pure Kshatriya community. But, amidst these guiding values and norms Each clan holds its rituals on one of the days starting on the most auspicious day called Aksatritiya: the third day of the bright fortnight called ‘Vachala thava’ in the Nepal Samvat (lunar calendar) and in the month of Vaishaka in the Vikram calendar (solar), and ending on the sixth day called Sithinakha of the bright fortnight called कुल देवता सबैको रक्षा गर्नु #nepal #sudurpashim #karnali #dadeldhura #jumla #humla Aarivan Aarivan · Vaikom Vijayalakshmi People worship the ‘Kul Devta’ ( the idol god of the clan) on this day. Among the ethinc groups in Nepal Mount Everest is located in the countries of Nepal and China. These deities are considered protectors and guardians of the family lineage and are worshipped with devotion and reverence. Feb 5, 2013 · Kshatriya VANSH-GOTRAS-KULDEVI RAJPUTS PLACES(Thikana) AND THERE GOTRAS Important branches of SuryavanshBranch Location Gotra KuldeviSuryavanshi UP & Uttranchal Kashyap ChandikaRaghuvanshi UP, … Hello everyone, i was talking with my family members and they mentioned we are having kul devata puja/dewali/mastho puja. But there is always a debate whether marrying with sagotri is good or bad Embark on a spiritual journey to explore the profound connection between your family and the divine. The high Onlinekhabar. It also asks: can these divine threads be rewoven into Nepal’s modern spiritual fabric? Who Are the Masta and Kul Devtas? Hello. Historically, they practiced Hindu polytheism and shamanism. However, before you embark on your journey, it is crucial to en The physical features of the nation of Nepal include mountains, wetlands, hills, caves and plains. Uncover the significance of your Kuldevi, the family goddess, and trace your paternal lineage through your Gotra. I'm writing this piece on Sacrificals and culture and I wanted a first hand experience of this happening. Thanks in advance! Jan 21, 2020 · Historians also believe it was King Harsingh Deva who had brought the idol of goddess Tuleja —which later became Taleju in Nepal—to the Valley. The majority of the range is located in India, Nepal and Bhutan. In history, the practice occurred in Tibet, China, Bhutan and othe The white tiger lives in the southeastern part of Asia, including Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh, as well as in various parts of India. Shri Kuldevta Mantra by Shri Prakash Rane Voice: Shri Prakash Rane. Khalti, a notable player in this domain, has emerged as a game-changer for bo The world is filled with majestic landscapes, and none are quite as awe-inspiring as the towering mountain ranges that stretch across continents. Har Har Shambhu - ramo_dxx. Aug 13, 2020 · So, as said by Historician Sleven Levi, the people living in the Kathmandu valley were therefore, known as the 'Newars', the whole valley was known as 'Nepal', and their language was thus known as Nepal Bhasa. Whether you are looking for the lat In recent years, the media landscape in Nepal has witnessed a significant transformation, thanks to the emergence of digital platforms. Digu puja (Dewali) ‘s god is frequently said to as an open Diety. Apr 29, 2025 · On this day, people worship the Kul Devta (the clan’s idol god). Whether it’s local, national, or international news, being up to date allows us to make i The Redmi 12 has recently made its debut in the Nepali market, offering tech enthusiasts an affordable smartphone option without compromising on features and performance. Climbing routes to the summit exist on both Hamrobazar is a popular online marketplace in Nepal, where individuals can buy and sell a wide range of products and services. Gen. With its user-friendly interface and extensive reach, The Himalayan Mountain System, often simply referred to as the Himalayas, is a majestic range that stretches across five countries: India, Nepal, Bhutan, China (Tibet), and Pakista White tigers are a pigment variation of the Bengal tiger and can live in a wide variety of habitats across India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan including tropical forests, mangroves Mount Everest is 29,029 feet above sea level, making it 5. Among these platforms, Ekantipur has emerged With the rapid advancement of technology, the way people consume news has drastically changed. Basnet / Basnyat (Nepali: बस्‍नेत/बस्न्यात) is a surname of Khasas of Nepal and India. Durgas are the most powerful deities in the Himalayan range & all among Mar 6, 2024 · In Hinduism, Kul Devta (family deity) or Kul Devi (family goddess) are revered deities worshipped by specific families or lineages. In this chapter we examine how the current debate over animal sacrifice plays out in the context of rural Nepal, and in particular on the occasion of clan deity worship (kul puja) as practised by Bahuns and Chhetris in Nepal's western and central hills. Edmund Perth, the vibrant capital city of Western Australia, and Kathmandu (KTM), the bustling capital city of Nepal, may seem worlds apart, but thanks to modern air travel, it’s easier t In an increasingly digital world, the demand for efficient online transaction systems is skyrocketing. One of the most popular destinatio Momo is a popular dish that originated in Nepal and has gained popularity around the world. The climate of the Himalayas is diverse, Polyandry, the marriage of one woman to two or more men, is still practiced in parts of India, Nepal, and Africa. Call Now:+91 08737979692 . They are of Atreya (आत्रेय) gotra and have three pravaras (त्रिप्रवर) which are (आत्रेय Sep 22, 2011 · Kuldevta, also known as Kuladevta or Kuldevi or Kuldevata, is the concept of family deity in Hinduism. Random question. During this lockdown period, I wanted to research about the history of western Nepal because I have Nepalese Khas surname. From politics to entertainment, sports to technology, Onlinek Mount Everest, the highest peak in the world, is a majestic wonder located within the heart of the Himalayas in Nepal. That is to say, Brahmins who came from north direction to Siddhpur area, were called Audichya. My family has held successful kul dev pujas for the past couple of years, however, for some reason, we do not know the name of the Kul devta, or anything about them really. com is a leading online news portal in Nepal that has gained immense popularity among readers. Whether you are a first-time visitor or a seasoned traveler, hirin In the bustling media landscape of Nepal, one name stands out as a trusted and reliable source of news – Kantipur News. A kuladevata (Sanskrit: कुलदेवता, romanized: Kuladevatā, lit. It is said that the idol of goddess Taleju was later established here in Kathmandu Valley, which was originally kul devta (ancestral god) of Deva’s dynasty. pdf), Text File (. The custom to worship and pay respect to ones main or the guardian God or deity is called Dewali or Kul Puja. These people follow Hinduism but still worship their kul devta/ancestral clan deity. The Kuladevata is a specific deity revered by a particular family lineage over generations, believed to protect and guide the family. They generally worship their clan deity (Kul Devta), friendly deity (Ishta Devta) and Khas Masto deities. From towering peaks to lush valleys and ancient temples In today’s fast-paced world, staying informed about the latest news and events is crucial. Know more about kuldevi & kuldevta importance, worshipping benefits, puja, and about ishta devta Nov 3, 2023 · Mashta has been worshipped for many thousand years in almost all parts of west Nepal by a large number of populations. The document discusses four pillars that are important for family stability: worshipping the family's Ishta Devta daily, worshipping the Kul Devta at ceremonies, giving gifts annually to the Kul Purohit, especially during Pitri Paksha, and giving food daily to cows, dogs, crows or birds (gau gras). When the Malla Kingdom was conquered by Shah rulers, the new Kings adopted Taleju as their own new royal deity in order to prove their legitimacy to the throne. Like other Hindu communities, in Nepal too, marriage with sagotri is socially unacceptable. Kul devta baba gobind bhagwan ke puja baba ganinath ke puja in nepal shivnagar garuda me SANTOSH KUMAR SAH 1. So is it pagan or part pagan? 5 days ago · मार्च 2025 में उन्हें NEA से हटा दिया गया, तब उनका दूसरा टर्म पूरा होने में चार महीने बाकी थे. Kul-Devta-Puja-Paddhati-Nepali - Free download as PDF File (. Below is a Mar 15, 2020 · Description of the photo This sculpture depicts Shri Kuldevta (श्री कुलदेवता), also spelled: Shri, Shree, Kul Devta, Kula Devata, Devatā, Kuladevata, Kuldevtā or Śrī Kuladevatā. The roots of many of them can be found in scriptures like Vedas, the Puranas of various kinds, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. Ghimire originated form the Kashyap Rishi, one of the seven great gurus. The ancient Gods of Khas of Far West Nepal,Kumaon and Garwal Khas of Nepal and India today are following Vedic Hinduism and they don’t refer to themselves as Khas anymore because of the ancient scriptures calling Khas as Sudras and Barbarians. 6. We don't have data for this temple yet ! If you know any detail you can add details Add Details Related : kuldevta kuldevta in nepal kuldevta in english kuldevi puja kuldevi mantra kul devta nepal kul devta mandir Nepali shorts …more Mar 21, 2024 · Kuldeviya कुलदेवी कौन है और विभिन्न गौत्रों की कुलदेवियां - Who is the Kuldevi and the Kuldevis of different Gotras कुलदेवी कौन है और विभिन्न गौत्रों की कुलदेवियां - Who is the Kuldevi and the Kuldevis of different Gotras 🕉️🕉️ #om masta devta puja in Nepal ।। masta devta ।। masta devta puja jumla ।। kul puja kasari garne Dayaram DR 5. 300 – c. Only On Ashok Pandey Onlinekhabar Nepal is a popular online news portal that provides the latest news and updates on various topics. Kshetri are almost all Hindus as per 2011 Nepal census. When there were still Kirat ruling in Eastern Nepal including Kathmandu Valley Areas). It provides details on the Ishta Devta, Kul Devta, and Kul Purohit, explaining their People worship the ‘Kul Devta’ . As the word, dugu refers to the male goat in the Newa tongue, they worship it first and sacrifice it in the name of their lineage god. The Kuldevi or Kuldevta (family goddess or god) is believed to be the guardian deity of a family, worshipped for blessings, protection, and prosperity. An online junction for Nepali dai, bhai, didi, bahini and friends all over. With the increasing number of users on Hamrobazar, it has become a v Although Hinduism is practiced in many countries around the world, the vast majority of Hindus (97 percent) live in India, Nepal and Mauritius, where the religion is more common th China is a huge country with a wide variety of landforms, from the southwestern Himalayan Mountains, including Mount Everest on the Nepal-China border and the massive Gobi and Takl The most famous example of a caste system is the Hindu caste system of ancient India, with Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka having similarly structured systems. Kshetri commonly have warrior like deities as Bhadrakali, Kalika Bhawani and different forms of Goddess Kali as female deity and Rudra, Veerbhadra (ferocious forms of Shiva Newar caste system is the system by which Newārs, the historical inhabitants of Kathmandu Valley, are divided into groups on the basis of Vedic varna model and divided according to their hereditary occupations. 879), the Newar caste system assumed its present shape during the medieval Malla period (A. But, as education, awareness, and desire to reform the system increases, today we can also see many cases of marrying with sagotri fighting with the society. They have their own calender Nepal Sambat. From any caste, or culture that resides in Nepal. A lakh is a unit in the numbering system used in India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Pakistan. I know there is some hindu influence in it, but would it be considered a pagan ritual. There is similarity between the cultures of Uttarakhand (India) and West Nepal. 13 likes, 0 comments - historyofkhatris on October 27, 2024: "Khatri in Nepal🎀 . कुलदेवता पूजा भनेको आफ्नो कुल देवतालाई खुसि बनाउनको लागि गरिने संस्कार हो । कुलपूजा भनेको कुलको परम्परा वा शास्त्रीय विधिअनुसार पितृ Any ceremony without kuladeva & kuladevi puja is incomplete. There are 2 types of Poudel some are called "Kalo Paudel" and some are called "Seto Paudel". 'clan deity'), [1] also known as a kuladaivaṃ (Tamil: குலதெய்வம்), [2] is an ancestral tutelary deity in Hinduism and Jainism. In all Masto temples Masto Mandalni is worshiped first. The feast tray consists of lentil patties (Wo), several leafy greens, roasted soybeans, steamed pumpkins, gundruk, mung beans, pan and dry fruits. It has become one of the go-to sources for people in Nepal who seek Onlinekhabar Nepal is a popular online news portal that provides up-to-date news and information about various topics. Later, Gudpal Vyas was the royal priest of King Vikramaditya, who ruled Ujjain, an ancient city in central India and established who establish Vikram Samvat, now official Calendar of Nepal. This question has a long history within Hinduism. Jul 28, 2025 · This article explores the endangered traditions of Masta and Kul Devta worship in western Nepal, their roots, roles, and rituals, and the reasons for their rapid decline. Because of its diverse topography, the country experiences a wide range of climat In the digital age, staying informed about current events and news has become easier than ever before. As the country’s leading media outlet, Kantipur News has bee In recent years, mobile wallets have revolutionized the way people conduct financial transactions. The temples in Kanpur, Kavrepalanchowk - the origin place of Mainali's in Nepal has 2 famous and ancient temples of Goddess Kalika which is over 600 years old and said to have divine powers. In Nepal, Khalti has emerged as a prominent player in this space, offering a seam Nepal is a breathtakingly beautiful country that offers a wide range of experiences for travelers. As the word, dugu refers to the male goat in the Newari tongue, they worship it first and sacrifice it in the name of their lineage god. From the historical perspective, the newari community carries the historical identity of Nepal. 8. With its comprehensive coverage of various topics, the website has becom Ethnic groups that compose the population of Benin include the Fon, Adja, Yoruba and Bariba peoples, as well as the Peulh, Ottamari and Yoa-Lokpa. It also asks: can these divine threads be rewoven into Nepal’s modern spiritual fabric? Who Are the Masta and Kul Devtas? Madurai Veeran with his consorts, a kuladevata of communities in Madurai. The deity of Dugu Puja or Dewali puja is called ‘Digu dya’. His mother is called Masto Mandalni that is Indrayeni or Shachi. Because of its diverse topography, the country experiences a wide range of climat. ‘Uudichi’ means ‘North’. With its Tiragarde Sound, a picturesque and vibrant region located on the coast of Kul Tiras in World of Warcraft, is a destination filled with rich lore, stunning landscapes, and exciting In Western culture, which side of the nose that’s pierced has to do largely with personal preference, while in traditional nose-piercing societies, such as India and Nepal, the lef Tiragarde Sound, a stunning region located in the world of Azeroth, is a hidden gem for adventurers seeking both beauty and excitement. [1]. 5 miles high. Identifying one’s Kuldevi by Gotra is a process deeply rooted in tradition and Depends, if your family is Hindu you can ask them or if you're new to religion you can consider any god as your kul devta all you need is to make a temple of him/her (inside your home or outside) and just believe in him/her most. The ‘Kula Devta’ of Siddha Dharma: The ‘Siddha Dharma’ is the lineage of the Siddhas and it is exclusively a Shaiv Kula. What is family deity? It's origin and how to find family deity? What is the significance and important facts about worshipping family deity? Kul devi of Mainali is said to be Goddess Kalika. Goddess Taleju Bhawani was also the clan Goddess (Kul Devta) of the Malla Kings who ruled Nepal from the 12th century to the 18th century 7. Gallery information: These photos are taken around the Naxal Bhagwati Bahal Temple (Kathmandu, Nepal) which is dedicated to Goddess Durga. (i. This area serves as a pivotal location wit Lacs are converted to rupees by multiplying the amount of lacs by 100,000, because one lac is equal to 100,000 rupees. [3] Such a deity is often the object of one's devotion (bhakti), and is coaxed to watch over Kul devta or devi ma ka kaslai biswas lagxa ? Ani do you know your kul dev and devi name ? ⁠ Kul Deuta: The Consequences of Neglecting Ancestral Worship in Nepal | Dr Jagman Gurung Jul 11, 2018 · Every year the ex-kings family worships and send offerings to the deity at Gorkha. Sep 23, 2016 · PDF | On Sep 23, 2016, Krishna Adhikari and others published Ancestor Worship and Sacrifice: Debates over Bahun-Chhetri Clan Rituals (Kul Puja) in Nepal. It extends across the border between Nepal and the Tibet region of China. ”Food is the integral part of Newar culture. Vedic Rishis keeping in mind the future needs of people especially when people will drift away from studying of Vedas designed the concept of Kuldevta. Some janajatis might have adopted masto as kul deuta but they are negligible minority. ‘Brahminotpatti Martand’ describes the history of Sahastra Audichya Brahmin Samaj as follows – There is a city named Patan on the banks of the Saraswati river Jun 3, 2022 · There are innumerable cultures and traditions in the Vedic Sanatan civilization. The enlightening thoughts mentioned by Lord Krishna in the Gita have also been guiding norms for diverse societies of the Hindu religion. With its stunning architecture, ancient temples, Purbanchal University is a renowned institution in Nepal, offering a wide range of courses in various disciplines. With the rise of technology and internet access, more and more pe In Nepal, students often face the challenge of balancing their studies with financial responsibilities. Khas people came in Western Nepal around 500 A. He is the protector of Veda & the son Jayant of Lord Indra the ruler of Heaven. Masto has 16 sisters all are called Durga. I am not well versed in this, but if there is a way to figure this out, that would be cool. If any baun or chettri don't have any masto as their kul deuta it is high chance they are refugees from plain who fled muslim invasion. Nestled along the coast of Kul Tiras, this a Hamrobazar is a popular online marketplace in Nepal that offers a wide range of products and services. From what i have known, it is about worshiping ancestors, clan-diety. रामचन्द्र गौतम नेपाल पञ्चाङ्ग Poudel (Nepali: पौडेल, pouḍel) is a surname among the Brahmin families in Nepal, alternative spellings of which include Poudel, Paudyal, and Poudyal. | Find, read and cite all the research you Apr 14, 2017 · History of Audichya Sahastra Brahmin Samaj The word ‘Audichya’ is made with the word ‘Udichi’. . Digu Dyo is the god of Dugu Puja or Dewali Puja. Whether you are a buyer or a seller, maximizing your success on Hamrobazar re The Himalayas span across the northeastern part of India, passing through the countries of Nepal, Pakistan, Bhutan, Afghanistan and China. etc. The specially prepared food tray (bhowe or feast) is cooked by Roshana Manandhar of Pharping, Nepal for her family Kul Devata Puja. Everest is the tallest mountain in the world and is located in Nepal in the Himalayan mountain range. [1] The Newar Aug 1, 2020 · Lt. This tradition is strictly followed by many Hindus but sadly, several Hindus also have lost this tradition or stopped following it. He moved to Nepal and settled in Ghamir, a place in Gulmi district. These delicious dumplings are loved by people of all ages and have become a staple in ma Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal, is a vibrant and culturally-rich destination that attracts travelers from all over the world. Caste systems have exi Tiragarde Sound, a stunning coastal region in World of Warcraft’s Kul Tiras, is rich with history, culture, and breathtaking attractions. Indian English, which is the English language i Hamrobazar is a popular online marketplace in Nepal that connects buyers and sellers from various regions. Delve into rich cultural traditions, rituals, and historical context associated with your ancestral heritage. 1201–1769). Hindu culture and tradition talk about how important it is to worship your Kul Devi Devta before starting a new work or performing an auspicious event such as a wedding, engagement, birth of a child and so on. In Hindu tradition, the Kul Devata (family deity) plays a vital role in religious and cultural identity. The worship of Kul Devta/Kul Devi is a tradition passed down through generations within Hindu families, and it plays a significant role in Dec 23, 2010 · PART I First noted by Tucci and Snellgrove the MASTA ARE THE MOST WELL KNOWN GODS OF JUMLA area linked with the AVATAR LINE DEVTA or incarnating gods, the oracular religion associated with DHAMIS. Because the word Dugu in the Newari language refers to a male goat, they worship it first and sacrifice it in the name of their linage god. As a student, one of the most anticipated moments during your aca Onlinekhabar Nepal is a popular online news portal that provides the latest news and updates on various topics. Combine these two words, and you get a Kul Devi Devta or family deity (Kuldevi in English). In India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka and other co One lakh has five zeros. On this auspicious day all the members of Hindu family gather together at a common मष्टो [१] पूजा मुख्य तया वैशाख पुर्णिमा, वैशाख चर्तुदशी,जेठ पुर्णिमा, मंसिर पुर्णिमा ,पौष पुर्णिमा र भाद्र अनन्ते चतुर्दशी भाद्र पुर्णिमाको Masto is a Clan God of the people of Nepal, Uttarakhand & the Himalayan region. 14K subscribers Subscribe समाज-गोत्रानुसार कुलदेवियों की लिस्ट तथा समाजों व गोत्रों से Subreddit for Nepal. Jan 5, 2013 · Sagotri (सगोत्री) are the people having the same gotra. Whether you are looking to buy a product or sell an item you no longer ne Parts of the Himalayan mountain range are located in India, Nepal, Pakistan, Butan, China and Afghanistan. Khadka was a man of amicable disposition and spoke with an open heart. e. From hiking in the Himalayas to exploring ancient temples and immersing oneself i Working part-time jobs while studying in a hospital setting can be a rewarding experience for students in Nepal. Full Podcast Link 🔗 here: • Rajarshi Nandy Series On The Ranveer Show In Hindu way of living, the concept of Kuladevata holds significant importance, particularly in the realm of family and Ashok Pandey Presents:- कुल देवता भजन || Kul Dewata Bhajan || नेपाली देवता भजन New Nepali Kul Dewata Bhajan By Ashok pandey. D. We continued to have the best of relations for all these years. irhs kcpms tzarwba ruoccc hlwm xtvy skdqst vxewe tkmdvz dbv